Plano EVA-TO: plano de enfrentamento à violência autoprovocada do Estado do Tocantins com ênfase na atenção integral à saúde / EVA-TO Plan: plan to face self-inflicted violence in the State of Tocantins with an emphasis on comprehensive health care

O Plano de Enfrentamento à Violência Autoprovocada do Estado do Tocantins com Ênfase na Atenção Integral à Saúde foi desenvolvido para fortalecer a rede de atenção psicossocial, em colaboração com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e o Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). Elaborado pelo Grupo de Trabalho "Flor de Pequi", o plano tem como objetivo qualificar a Rede de Atenção à Saúde, orientando gestores e profissionais de saúde na prevenção da violência autoprovocada, automutilação e suicídio, além de promover o acolhimento e compartilhamento do cuidado na rede de atenção à saúde. O documento foi elaborado em resposta a demandas relacionadas aos dados de violência autoprovocada, solicitações do Conselho Estadual de Defesa de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e do Conselho Regional de Psicologia. A metodologia, discussão, metas, ações e monitoramento também são abordados no plano.

The Plan for Confronting Self-Inflicted Violence in the State of Tocantins with an Emphasis on Comprehensive Health Care was developed to strengthen the psychosocial care network in collaboration with the Unified Health System (SUS) and the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). Elaborated by the "Flor de Pequi" Working Group, the plan aims to enhance the Health Care Network by providing guidance to managers and health professionals in the prevention of self-inflicted violence, self-harm, and suicide, while promoting care and support within the health care system. The document was created in response to demands related to self-inflicted violence data, requests from the State Council for the Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents, and the Regional Psychology Council. The plan also addresses methodology, discussion, goals, actions, and monitoring.

El Plan de Enfrentamiento a la Violencia Autoinfligida en el Estado de Tocantins con Énfasis en la Atención Integral de Salud fue desarrollado para fortalecer la red de atención psicosocial en colaboración con el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y el Sistema Único de Asistencia Social (SUAS). Elaborado por el Grupo de Trabajo "Flor de Pequi", el plan tiene como objetivo calificar la Red de Atención a la Salud, brindando orientación a los gestores y profesionales de la salud en la prevención de la violencia autoinfligida, la automutilación y el suicidio, además de promover el cuidado y apoyo dentro de la red de atención sanitaria. El documento fue elaborado en respuesta a demandas relacionadas con datos de violencia autoinfligida, solicitudes del Consejo Estatal para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia y del Consejo Regional de Psicología. El plan también aborda la metodología, la discusión, las metas, las acciones y el monitoreo

Plano de Ação Regional da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial: Tocantins - Macrorregião Centro Sul / Plan de Acción Regional de la Red de Atención Psicosocial: Tocantins - Macrorregión Centro Sur

Busca ampliar o acesso à atenção psicossocial da população da Macrorregião de Saúde Centro Sul do Estado do Tocantins objetivando também dimensionar os vazios assistenciais; propor novos pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial; definir e organizar a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Além de alcançar as metas de implantar 10 (dez) novos serviços dos componentes da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial na Macrorregião Centro Sul nos próximos dois anos e qualificar trabalhadores da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Seeks to expand access to psychosocial care for the population of the South Central Health Macro-region of the State of Tocantins, also aiming to dimension the gaps in care; propose new points of the Psychosocial Care Network; define and organize the Psychosocial Care Network. In addition to achieving the goals of implementing 10 (ten) new services of the components of the Psychosocial Care Network in the South Central Macro-region in the next two years and qualifying workers of the Psychosocial Care Network.

Busca ampliar el acceso a la atención psicosocial de la población de la Macrorregión de Salud Centro Sur del Estado de Tocantins, con el objetivo también de dimensionar las brechas en la atención; proponer nuevos puntos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial; definir y organizar la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Además de alcanzar las metas de implementar 10 (diez) nuevos servicios de los componentes de la Red de Atención Psicosocial en la Macrorregión Centro Sur en los próximos dos años y capacitar a los trabajadores de la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

Preparing Students for a More Public Health-Aware Market in Response to COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made the public more aware of public health and the role its professionals play in addressing the pandemic. Schools and programs in public health have a new opportunity to recruit, train, and sustain the public health workforce. Academic public health can further educate the public and prepare students for meaningful careers through interprofessional education and practice-based learning.

A propósito de nuevos especialistas en Organización y Administración de Salud / About New Specialists on Health Management and Organization

En enero del 2017 esta revista publicó una carta al editor titulada: Reinicio de la especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud: respuesta a una necesidad identificada.1 En esa misiva el autor señalaba la actualidad y pertinencia del artículo Organización y Administración de Salud Pública y la Escuela Cubana de Salud Pública.2 Además, resaltaba la importancia de este tipo de estudio y hacía énfasis en la graduación más reciente, en aquel momento, en la que se graduaron 16 nuevos profesionales en una especialidad que llevaba un largo periodo sin formar nuevos especialistas. El autor de aquella carta y de la presente, es integrante de esa cohorte de graduados, y en enero de 2018 formó parte de uno de los tribunales estatales designados al efecto. Durante este lapso ha mantenido la preocupación por el desarrollo de la especialidad en el orden académico y por el...(AU)

Integrating Simulation-Based Exercises into Public Health Emergency Management Curricula.

The aim of this study is to enrich public health emergency management (PHEM) curricula and increase the workforce readiness of graduates through the implementation of an innovative curriculum structure centered around simulation and the creation of authentic learning experiences into a mastery-based Disaster Preparedness graduate certificate program launched in 2016 at the Colorado School of Public Health. Learners progress through a sequence of increasingly complex discussion and operations-based exercises designed to align with training methodologies used by future employers in the disaster response field, covering PHEM fundamentals and domestic and international disaster preparedness and response. Preliminary feedback is overwhelmingly positive, equating the experience to securing an internship. Embedding simulation-based exercises and authentic learning environments into graduate curricula exposes learners to diverse disaster scenarios, provides occasion for practicing critical thinking and dynamic problem solving, increases familiarity with anticipated emergency situations, and builds the confidence necessary for exercising judgment in a real-world situation. This novel curriculum should serve as a model for graduate programs wishing to enrich traditional training tactics using a typical school of public health support and alignment with community resources. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:777-781).

Is there a golden recipe? A scoping review of public health workforce development.

BACKGROUND: This study intended to design a suitable and comprehensive approach for a public health workforce development plan with the ultimate goal of meeting the health objectives in different European Region countries. METHODS: We performed a scoping review, including an accurate and exhaustive country-specific hand-search process, mapping the key concepts and practices used in public health workforce development based on the available evidence worldwide. RESULTS: We identified nine comparative measures, based on common features from a scoping literature review, for the assessment of public health workforce development plans available in selected countries. This list of nine comparative measures includes: (i) Alignment between the 10 Essential Public Health Operations (EPHOs) or core public health functions and organizational resources and public health priority areas; (ii) Regulations and Norms; (iii) Capacity Assessment; (iv) Datasets and Databases; (v) Workforce Development Strategies, Planning and Management; (vi) Education, Training, Core Competencies and Models; (vii) Licensing, Accreditation and Credentialing; (viii) Forecasting Strategies for Enumerating and Quotas and (ix) Ethical and Professional Codes of Conduct. These measures are essential to develop, sustain and modernize the public health workforce effectively. CONCLUSION: We propose a well-balanced set of measures for countries aiming to improve or develop their public health workforce based on instruments that are successfully used and applied in a wide range of countries with different public health systems. However, the implementation should be tailored and adopted according to the specific country context and available recourses.

The need for planning training among public health officers in Cape Verde.

Cape Verde is a small island developing state (SIDS). The health sector is guided by strategic and programmatic documents of the Ministry of Health. The objective of this paper is to understand the planning capacity and experience of its Public Health Officers. A questionnaire was applied to 27 Cape Verdean public health officers in order to collect data on participation in health sector planning: 17 were returned and analyzed. This study identifies a youthful, medically trained, but poorly differentiated, public health cadre, without the technical competences to plan the changes needed for the health sector. Planning initiatives were preceded by short technical planning training initiatives, but these did not consolidate a planning culture or contribute to a sustainable capacity to respond to the planning needs of the country. The respondents seemed at a loss to specify planning tools and techniques used in the planning exercises in which they partook. SIDS are considered vulnerable to political interference in the implementation of policy processes but that did not seem to be the case in Cape Verde. Planning was perceived as values driven, strengthening the perception that the values that drive the finality of planning are important determinants of the final plan.

Developing an evidence-based program sustainability training curriculum: a group randomized, multi-phase approach.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has driven a rapid increase in studies of how new scientific discoveries are translated and developed into evidence-based programs and policies. However, D&I science has paid much less attention to what happens to programs once they have been implemented. Public health programs can only deliver benefits if they reach maturity and sustain activities over time. In order to achieve the full benefits of significant investment in public health research and program development, there must be an understanding of the factors that relate to sustainability to inform development of tools and trainings to support strategic long-term program sustainability. Tobacco control programs, specifically, vary in their abilities to support and sustain themselves over time. As of 2018, most states still do not meet the CDC-recommended level for funding their TC program, allowing tobacco use to remain the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the USA. The purpose of this study is to empirically develop, test, and disseminate training programs to improve the sustainability of evidence-based state tobacco control programs and thus, tobacco-related health outcomes. METHODS: This paper describes the methods of a group randomized, multi-phase study that evaluates the empirically developed "Program Sustainability Action Planning Training" and technical assistance in US state-level tobacco control programs. Phase 1 includes developing the sustainability action planning training curriculum and technical assistance protocol and developing measures to assess long-term program sustainability. Phase 2 includes a group randomized trial to test the effectiveness of the training and technical assistance in improving sustainability outcomes in 24 state tobacco control programs (12 intervention, 12 comparison). Phase 3 includes the active dissemination of final training curricula materials to a broader public health audience. DISCUSSION: Empirical evidence has established that program sustainability can improve through training and technical assistance; however, to our knowledge, no evidence-based sustainability training curriculum program exists. Therefore, systematic methods are needed to develop, test, and disseminate a training that improves the sustainability of evidence-based programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03598114 . Registered 25 July 2018-retrospectively registered.

Lessons Learned in Promoting Evidence-Based Public Health: Perspectives from Managers in State Public Health Departments.

Evidence-based public health (EBPH) practice, also called evidence-informed public health, can improve population health and reduce disease burden in populations. Organizational structures and processes can facilitate capacity-building for EBPH in public health agencies. This study involved 51 structured interviews with leaders and program managers in 12 state health department chronic disease prevention units to identify factors that facilitate the implementation of EBPH. Verbatim transcripts of the de-identified interviews were consensus coded in NVIVO qualitative software. Content analyses of coded texts were used to identify themes and illustrative quotes. Facilitator themes included leadership support within the chronic disease prevention unit and division, unit processes to enhance information sharing across program areas and recruitment and retention of qualified personnel, training and technical assistance to build skills, and the ability to provide support to external partners. Chronic disease prevention leaders' role modeling of EBPH processes and expectations for staff to justify proposed plans and approaches were key aspects of leadership support. Leaders protected staff time in order to identify and digest evidence to address the common barrier of lack of time for EBPH. Funding uncertainties or budget cuts, lack of political will for EBPH, and staff turnover remained challenges. In conclusion, leadership support is a key facilitator of EBPH capacity building and practice. Section and division leaders in public health agencies with authority and skills can institute management practices to help staff learn and apply EBPH processes and spread EBPH with partners.

Efectividad de una intervención educativa semipresencial para la formación docente en el área de salud pública / Effectiveness of a blended learning education intervention for the teaching training in the Public Health area

Introducción. La formación docente debe orientarse a la actualización en contenidos específicos de una asignatura y en aspectos pedagógicos según los cambios educativos globales. En la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM se imparten cursos dirigidos a estudiantes de pregrado que se formarán como docentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar, implementar y evaluar un curso-taller semipresencial de formación docente, dirigido a estudiantes con interés en profesionalizarse en una materia de salud pública. Sujetos y métodos. Ejes del curso: fundamentos de la asignatura y bases pedagógicas (impartido en 60 horas, 40 presenciales y 20 en línea). Se evaluó el avance con un test pre-postintervención, un instrumento de escenarios simulados y una rúbrica de presentación frente a grupo. Se calcularon medidas de resumen, pruebas de diferencias de medianas y dos modelos MANOVA para las calificaciones pre-post. Resultados. 49 participantes; un 73% concluyó el curso. La mediana de edad fue de 20 años, y la razón hombre-mujer, de 0,65. Medianas de calificaciones: preintervención, 4,53; postintervención, 7,24 (p < 0,05); bases pedagógicas, 9; presentación frente a grupo, 8,8. En ambos modelos MANOVA se observó que pertenecer a años avanzados de la carrera se relaciona con mayores puntuaciones (p < 0,05). El 16% de los participantes fueron seleccionados como docentes en formación para formar parte de la plantilla académica de la institución. Conclusiones. Este estudio puede considerarse como un referente para propiciar el reporte detallado de otros cursos, considerando el diseño instruccional, la evaluación de su impacto y su éxito en la incorporación temprana de estudiantes como profesores (AU)

Introduction. Teacher training must focus on updating specific contents of a subject and on pedagogical aspects according to global educational changes. At the Faculty of Medicine in UNAM there are courses addressed to undergraduate students who will be trained as teachers. The aim of the study was to design, implement and assess a blended learning course workshop in teacher training for medical students with an interest in specializing in Public Health subject. Subjects and methods. Course's axes: subject's foundations and pedagogical basis (taught in 60 hours, 40 on-site class and 20 online). The advancement was assessed with a pre- and post-test, a simulated scenario tool and a rubric for in front of a group presentation. Summary measurements were calculated, median differences tests and two MANOVA models for pre- and post-test grades. Results. 49 participants; 73% concluded the course. The age range was 20 years old and the male-female ratio was 0.65. Grades' median: pre-intervention, 4.53; post-intervention, 7.24 (p < 0.05); pedagogical bases, 9; in front of a group presentation, 8.8. In both MANOVA models it was observed that being at advanced levels of the career was related with higher scores (p < 0.05). Sixteen percent of the participants were chosen as 'teachers in training' to conform the academic board of our institution. Conclusions. This study may be considered as a referent to promote a detained report of other teacher training courses for students, considering the instructional design, the impact of its assessment and the success in an early incorporation of students as teachers (AU)

Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency Management Tool in the United States.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate how inclusion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) as a tool in Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning can increase public health capacity for emergency response. METHODS: We reviewed all domestic CASPER activities (i.e., trainings and assessments) between fiscal years 2012 and 2016. Data from these CASPER activities were compared with respect to differences in geographic distribution, type, actions, efficacy, and usefulness of training. RESULTS: During the study period, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted 24 domestic in-person CASPER trainings for 1057 staff in 38 states. On average, there was a marked increase in knowledge of CASPER. Ninety-nine CASPERs were conducted in the United States, approximately half of which (53.5%) assessed preparedness; the others were categorized as response or recovery (27.2%) or were unrelated to a disaster (19.2%). CONCLUSIONS: CASPER trainings are successful in increasing disaster epidemiology skills. CASPER can be used by Public Health Emergency Preparedness program awardees to help build and sustain preparedness and response capabilities.

Reinicio de la especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud: respuesta a una necesidad identificada / Resumption of the health organization and management specialty in response to an identified requirement

La intención de esta carta está en referencia al artículo publicado en la Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, número Julio/Septiembre del 2012 titulado: La especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud Pública y la Escuela Cubana de Salud Pública, de la autoría del profesor Dr. Luis Suárez Rosas.1 Aunque esto ha sido de nuestro interés desde su publicación, no es hasta la primera graduación de la especialidad Organización Administración de Salud (OAS) -después de reiniciada- que nos sentimos en disposición de dirigirnos a usted a este respecto.Las cartas al director son una forma valiosa de comunicación científica como un proceso de revisión externo y abierto de un artículo previamente publicado.2 En este caso el remitente intenta resaltar cuan acertadamente, en su artículo el autor expone la necesidad de reiniciar la especialidad de OAS en la que no se ingresaban nuevos residentes desde que fue tomada esa decisión para el curso 1989-1990,1 además, relacionar el reinicio de la especialidad con los acertados argumentos expuestos, sobre todo desde la perspectiva histórica y la seguridad que manifiesta el autor en este reinicio. Anteriormente en el 2011 el Profesor Rojas Ochoa en una fundamentación de la Especialidad en Salud Pública hace referencia a sus diferentes nombres y alega la existencia en el ámbito nacional, de cierta corriente de dudas al respecto, no formalizada pero que hizo pertinente demostrar...(AU)

Reinicio de la especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud: respuesta a una necesidad identificada / Resumption of the health organization and management specialty in response to an identified requirement

La intención de esta carta está en referencia al artículo publicado en la Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, número Julio/Septiembre del 2012 titulado: La especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud Pública y la Escuela Cubana de Salud Pública, de la autoría del profesor Dr. Luis Suárez Rosas.1 Aunque esto ha sido de nuestro interés desde su publicación, no es hasta la primera graduación de la especialidad Organización Administración de Salud (OAS) -después de reiniciada- que nos sentimos en disposición de dirigirnos a usted a este respecto.Las cartas al director son una forma valiosa de comunicación científica como un proceso de revisión externo y abierto de un artículo previamente publicado.2 En este caso el remitente intenta resaltar cuan acertadamente, en su artículo el autor expone la necesidad de reiniciar la especialidad de OAS en la que no se ingresaban nuevos residentes desde que fue tomada esa decisión para el curso 1989-1990,1 además, relacionar el reinicio de la especialidad con los acertados argumentos expuestos, sobre todo desde la perspectiva histórica y la seguridad que manifiesta el autor en este reinicio. Anteriormente en el 2011 el Profesor Rojas Ochoa en una fundamentación de la Especialidad en Salud Pública hace referencia a sus diferentes nombres y alega la existencia en el ámbito nacional, de cierta corriente de dudas al respecto, no formalizada pero que hizo pertinente demostrar...(AU)

La administración en salud, componente de desarrollo de la salud pública / Health management as a component of the development of the public health care

La salud pública como esfuerzo organizado de la sociedad y el estado por la salud, bienestar y la calidad de vida trasciende a los servicios de salud, razón por lo cual se hacen más complejos los procesos de conducción. Por lo tanto, se requiere dirigir con fundamentos científicos, con claridad de que la gerencia en salud o administración en salud es ciencia, además de técnica y arte y sumado al nivel de integración externa del sector de la salud con otros sectores es necesario considerar a la Intersectorialidad, componente político y tecnológico de la gerencia imprescindible para dar respuesta de solución a la determinación social de la salud. El interpretar la importancia de la conducción de los sistemas de salud no ha sido fácil en el transitar de la historia, incluso se ha considerado a veces que la insostenibilidad de buenos sistemas de salud, o la imposibilidad de otros para alcanzar resultados de excelencia ha sido solo por carecer del dinero suficiente. La pregunta básica debiera estar orientada a explicarnos, qué estamos haciendo con el que tenemos pues no se trata de producir salud al precio que sea; lo que se requiere es hacer la mayor y mejor salud posible con los recursos que están a nuestra disposición. Esa correspondencia del saber hacer con los recursos disponibles requiere del dominio de la administración en salud. Para que los sistemas de salud sean en realidad una inversión y no un gasto, es necesario resolver numerosos problemas de estrategias, organización, procesos, competencias profesionales, toma de decisiones, descentralización, capacidad de cambio y liderazgo, sin los cuales seguiremos apareciendo como los grandes gastadores y esa no es la idea. La razón de ser de la gerencia en salud es lograr crecer en calidad y oportunidad de hacer más y mejor salud empleando la menor cantidad de recursos posibles, para lo cual se dispone de los instrumentos y las tecnologías de cómo hacerlo. A los que trabajamos el campo de la administración de la salud, nos corresponde lograr que esto se entienda y se haga. La Administración o Gerencia de la Salud Pública, requiere de un sostenido fortalecimiento y la necesidad de fomentar la conciencia de su importancia. Esto constituye, en estos tiempos, una prioridad no solo en la formación y preparación de los directivos sino sobre todo en la generalización de una cultura gerencial que influya en la concepción y operación de las estrategias, de las estructuras, de los modelos y del modo cómo el servicio es organizado, prestado y asegurado, siempre pensando en la mejor salud con el uso más racional de los recursos. Si no se parte de esta concepción, cualquier sistema por muy bueno que sea, corre el riesgo de perder sostenibilidad(AU)

Informing the implementation of evidence-informed decision making interventions using a social network analysis perspective; a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Workforce development is an important aspect of evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) interventions. The structure of formal and informal social networks can influence, and be influenced, by the implementation of EIDM interventions. METHODS: In a mixed methods study we assessed the outcomes of a targeted training intervention to promote EIDM among the staff in three public health units in Ontario, Canada. This report focuses on the qualitative phase of the study in which key staff were interviewed about the process of engagement in the intervention, communications during the intervention, and social consequences. RESULTS: Senior managers identified staff to take part in the intervention. Engagement was a top-down process determined by the way organizational leaders promoted EIDM and the relevance of staff's jobs to EIDM. Communication among staff participating in the workshops and ongoing progress meetings was influential in overcoming personal and normative barriers to implementing EIDM, and promoted the formation of long-lasting social connections among staff. Organization-wide presentations and meetings facilitated the recognition of expertise that the trained staff gained, including their reputation as experts according to their peers in different divisions. CONCLUSION: Selective training and capacity development interventions can result in forming an elite versus ordinary pattern that facilitates the recognition of in-house qualified experts while also strengthening social status inequality. The role of leadership in public health units is pivotal in championing and overseeing the implementation process. Network analysis can guide and inform the design, process, and evaluation of the EIDM training interventions.

Instrumento para la evaluación curricular de la función de administración en la Carrera de Medicina / A tool for curricular evaluation of the management function of Medicine career

Introducción: La formación actual de médicos en Cuba responde a las necesidades de salud de la población de nuestro país y de otros lugares del mundo. El Área de Docencia e Investigación del Ministerio de Salud Pública creó un grupo de investigación, el cual diseñó el proyecto Efectividad del Currículo de Medicina. Uno de los cortes de valoración del currículo evalúa la correspondencia entre el modelo del profesional declarado para las cinco funciones descritas en el currículo y el profesional en formación. Una de las cinco funciones que se describe es la función de administración. Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para evaluar la correspondencia entre la función de administración modelada en el currículo de la Carrera de Medicina y los resultados que muestran los profesionales en formación.Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en tres etapas: primera: diseño del instrumento evaluativo; segunda: aplicación de la encuesta y ejecución del ejercicio teórico-práctico; tercera: valoración del instrumento. Resultados: El instrumento diseñado demostró que con el actual currículo la función de administración se cumple en 77.07 por ciento. La totalidad de los profesores y la mayor parte de los estudiantes se proyectaron correctamente, al focalizar sus opiniones en los aspectos requeridos para la validación. Conclusiones: El instrumento diseñado permitió evaluar la correspondencia entre la función de administración modelada en el currículo de la Carrera de Medicina y los resultados que muestran los profesionales en formación. Las acciones de validación aplicadas apoyan la validez del instrumento en cuanto a su contenido y operatividad en la práctica(AU)

Introduction: Current medical training in Cuba responds to the health needs of the population of our country and others worldwide. The Teaching and Research Department belonging to the Ministry of Public Health created a research group, which designed the project Medicine Curriculum Effectiveness. One of the partial curriculum assessments evaluates the correspondence between the professional model declared for the five functions described in the curriculum and professional training. One of the five functions described in the model is the management function. Objective: To design a tool to assess the correspondence between the management function declared and modeled in the curriculum and the actual results showed by professionalist on training. Material and Methods: An investigation of technological development was performed in three stages: First: design an assessment instrument; Second: implementation of the survey and of theoretical - practical exercise; Third: valuation of the instrument. Results: The designed instrument demonstrated that, with the current educational curriculum, management function is fulfilled in a 77.07 percent. All the teachers and mostly of students disclosed correctly, focusing their opinions on the required aspects for validation. Conclusions: Was designed a tool for assessing the correspondence between the management function declared and modeled in the curriculum and the actual results showed by the training professionalist. The applied validation actions support the instruments tenability in terms of their operativeness and content(AU)

[METHODS FOR DETERMINING OF TRAINING NEEDS FOR HEALTH LEADERS].

The article presents the results of a study of health needs of the Republic of Kazakhstan leaders in basic and periodic training. The methodological basis of the study was to establish the relationship between the dynamics of the development of infrastructures of public and private health care organizations, on the one hand and the change in the number of their leaders, on the other. Analytical studies have allowed to develop a method for determining the needs of policy-makers in education to ensure long-term planning, adequate funding, and improve the quality of their training and retraining.

Policy Help Needed, Experience Required: Preparing Practitioners to Effectively Engage in Policy.

OBJECTIVES: There is a shift toward a "health in all policies" approach in public health; however, most practitioners are not equipped with the necessary knowledge or skills to engage in and practice policy. This study explores how public health professionals can become policy practitioners and better engage in the policy process. This article also provides recommendations for training programs on how to increase students' policy-related knowledge and skills. METHOD: We conducted in-depth interviews with 10 public health policy experts in the United States spanning academic, governmental, advocacy, and practice settings. Key informants provided perspectives regarding strengths and skill sets that practitioners need to better position themselves to do policy-relevant work and opportunities for public health programs to improve training. The research team conducted thematic analyses to determine commonality among expert responses. RESULTS: Informants identified a number of strengths and skills that either support or impede practitioners' ability to conduct policy work and proposed recommendations for public health curricula to integrate policy-related coursework or practical experiences to prepare practitioners for policy careers. CONCLUSION: Public health professionals need to become more politically astute to practice and advance public health policy. To facilitate the development of such skills, public health training and pedagogy must integrate policy practice into traditional public health coursework, include new policy-focused courses, and provide opportunities for real-world policy experience.